[Waddington, Babelon, and Reinach, Rec. gén. des Monn. gr., ‘Pont et Paphlagonie’; Wroth, B. M. C., Pontus, &c.]
Abonuteichus, later Ionopolis (Ineboli). Autonomous Æ, time of Mith- radates Eupator, obv. Head of Zeus, rev. ΑΒΩΝΟΥ ΤΕΙΧΟΥ Eagle (see R. N., 1900, p. 8, and N. C., 1905, p. 116). Imperial— Trajan to Faus- tina Junior, inscr., ΑΒΩΝΟΤЄΙΧЄΙΤΩΝ; M. Aurelius to Trebonianus Gallus, inscr., ΙΩΝΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Types: Asklepios and Hygieia; serpent ΓΛΥΚΩΝ; Demeter; Dionysos; Artemis; Wind-god or pro- montory(?) ΖЄΦΥΡΙC (R. N., 1900, p. 18). Glycon is the serpent- incarnation of Asklepios exhibited by Alexander, the false magician of Abonuteichus. According to Lucian’s life of Alexander, the name of the town was changed from Abonuteichus to Ionopolis on the authorization of M. Aurelius (see Babelon, R. N., 1900, p. 1 f.). See also Rec. gén., p. 129 f.
Amastris (Amasra). Founded circ. B.C. 300 by Amastris, niece of Darius Codomannus, wife of Dionysius, tyrant of Heracleia in Bithynia, and afterwards of Lysimachus. The peoples of Sesamus, Cytorus, Cromna, and Tium were brought together in the new city. Tium, however soon became independent (see Rec. gén., p. 134 f.).
| Young male head in Phrygian cap, or-
namented with laurel-wreath and star
(Mithras ?). (Fig. 264.) [B. M. C., Pontus, p. 84.] |
ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΕΩΝ Female figure (Anai-
tis, or the town Amastris ?) seated on
throne, wearing veil, calathos, &c.;
holds Nike and sceptre; in field,
myrtle-bud (?) [Monn. gr., p. 227].
AR Babylonian (?) Stater 148-
121 grs.
|
| Similar, without star. [N. C., 1885, p. 63.] |
ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ Same
figure holding Eros, or sometimes
Nike. AR 144-148 grs.
|
| Similar head. | ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΟΣ ΒΑΣΙΛΙΣΣΗΣ Bow in
case [Rec. gén., No. 3]. Æ Size .65
|
| Similar head. | ΑΜΑΣΤΡ Bow in case [Rec. gén., No. 9].
Æ .6
|
| Head of Athena. | ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΕΩΝ Owl on fulmen (time
of Mithradates Eupator ?). Æ .85
|
Æ of period of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.) with inscr., ΑΜΑΣΤΡΙΕΩΝ and ΑΜΑΣΤΡΕΩΣ (Imhoof, Kleinas. M., II. p. 501). Also Æ of first century B.C. dated from Pompeian Era. B.C. 64 (Imh., Gr. M., p. 585 f.; Rec. gén., p. 138).
Imperial— Trajan to Salonina (some quasi-autonomous, time of Trajan and Antoninus). Inscr., ΑΜΑCΤΡΙΑΝΩΝ, rarely with ΜΗΤΡΟΠΟ- ΛЄΙΤΩΝ added (Imh., Gr. M., p. 586). Types numerous; often of good work (N. Z., 1891, p. 22). Bust of ΖЄVC CΤΡΑΤΗΓΟC. Zeus Strategos and ΗΡΑ standing. Athena. Hermes with caduceus and discus (N. C., 1898, p. 328; Journ. Int., 1899, p. 137). Asklepios and Hygieia. Dikaiosyne. The City Amastris. Bust of Helios; rev. Crescent and star (Gr. M., Pl. V. 10). Bust of ΔΙΟΝΥCΟC CЄΒΑCΤΟC (G. M., Pl. V. 11). Sarapis. Isis Pharia. Bull ΑΠΙC. Dioskuri with horses. Aphrodite with apple (N. Z., 1891, p. 19, No. 34). Agave with head of Pentheus (Rec. gén., No. 53). Ares (Rec. gén., Nos. 137, 138). Eirene holding Ploutos (Rec. gén., No. 154). Signs of Zodiac. ΑVΡΗΛΙΟΝ ΚΑΙCΑΡΑ ΑΜΑCΤΡΙΑΝΟΙ Statue of M. Aurelius on horse (Hunter Cat., II. p. 234). Bust of ΟΜΗΡΟC. River-god ΜΕΛΗC. River-god ΠΑΡΘΕΝΙΟC. Bust of Faustina as the city ΑΜΑCΤΡΙC. Ram, and bird on column (Z. f. N., xx. p. 270). Galley. Marks of value, Β—Η = 2-8 Assaria (Gr. M., p. 586).
Alliance-coins with Amisus (Rec. gén., p. 145, No. 85).
Cromna, an ancient city, incorporated circ. B.C. 300 with Amastris (q. v.). See Rec. gén., p. 157.
| Head of Zeus. | ΚΡΩΜΝΑ Head of the Tyche or
Hera (?), wearing turreted stephanos;
various symbols and mons.
AR Persic Tetrob. 55 grs.
|
| Head of the Tyche (?), as on silver. | ΚΡΩΜ Amphora and grapes.
Æ .7-.4
|
Gangra, an old fortress, ΑΡΧ. ΠΑΦ. ΓΑΝΓΡΩΝ, incorporated with Germanicopolis (q. v.).
Germanicopolis (Changra). Imperial— With name ЄCΤΙΑ, Nero, M. Aurelius (Rec. gén., p. 161); then of Sept. Severus and family with inscr., ΓЄΡΜΑΝΙΚΟΠΟΛЄΩC also ΑΡΧЄΟ. ΠΑΦΛΑ. (= archaiopolisαρχαιοπολις or archaiotatae PaphlagoniasΠαφλαγονιας) ΓЄΡΜΑΝЄΙΚΟΠΟΛΙC ЄCΤΙΑ ΘЄΩΝ &c. Types: Apollo; Sarapis; Bull Apis; Herakles and Hydra; Nemesis; Crouching Aphrodite and Eros (Imh., Gr. M., Pl. V. 19); River-god ΑΛΥC; River-god ΞΑΝΘΟC. Gate with two doors flanked by battle- mented towers = the fortress of ΓΑΝΓΡΑ (also with inscr., ΓΑΝΓΡΩΝ,
Era, Oct. B.C. 6-5 (Imh., Kleinas. M., I. p. 6; Dessau, Z. f. N., 1906, p. 335).
Ionopolis. See Abonuteichus.
Neoclaudiopolis (Vezir-Keupru), originally Neapolis; also called Andrapa. Imperial— Trajan to Sept. Severus and family. Inscr., ΝЄΟΚΛΑΥΔΙΟΠΟΛЄΙΤΩΝ. Types. Athena; Sarapis; Nike; Asklepios (Rec. gén., p. 169. Cf. Cumont, Studia Pontica, 1906, p. 133.)
Era, Autumn of B.C. 6-5 (N. C., 1899, p. 95).
Pimolisa (Osmanadjik ?), on the Halys. (Usually placed in Pontus, but see Rec. gén., p. 172.)
Æ of the reign of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.). Inscr., ΠΙΜΩΛΙΣΩΝ.
Pompeiopolis (Tash-Keupru). Second or first century B.C.; obv. Head of Zeus, rev. ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΙΤΩΝ Torch in wreath, Æ .8 (Rec. gén., p. 173, No. 1). Imperial— Ant. Pius to Sept. Severus. Inscr., ΜΗΤΡΟ. ΠΑΦΛΑ. ΠΟΜΠΗΙΟΠΟΛΙC. Types. Asklepios; Nemesis; Herakles; Dionysos. See also Sebaste, infra.
Sebaste. Perhaps a name temporarily borne by Pompeiopolis (q. v.) (Rec. gén., p. 176). Imperial of M. Aurelius and L. Verus. Inscr., CЄΒΑCΤΗ ΜΗΤΡΟ. ΠΑΦ. Types: Athena; Bust of Tyche (N. C., 1895, p. 275 f.).
Sesamus. This city was incorporated, circ. B.C. 300, with Amastris. Like Cromna, it struck silver and bronze coins shortly before that event.
| Head of Zeus. | ΣΗΣΑΜ Head of Demeter. AR 55 grs.
|
| Id. [Imhoof, Mon. gr., p. 229.] | ΣΗΣΑΜΗ Id. [Paris]. AR 25 grs.
|
| Head of Zeus. | ΣΗΣΑ Female head (Demeter?). Æ .6
|
| Head of Apollo. | „ Kantharos [Rec. gén., p. 177].
Æ .5
|
Sinope (Sinub), the wealthiest emporium on the south coast of the Euxine, was a colony of Miletus (B.C. 630). Its dominion in the fifth century embraced a large portion of the northern part of Asia Minor, and its fleet was supreme on the sea. Its earliest issues are silver staters, ranging in weight from 100 to 80 grs. (possibly Phoenician reduced). For the coins see Six in N. C., 1885, pp. 15-50; B. M. C., Pontus, p. 95; Rec. gén., p. 178 f.
| Eagle’s head, often of very rude work;
beneath it, a dolphin. [B. M. C., Pontus, p. 95; Imh., Gr. M., p. 596.] |
Quadripartite incuse square, the alter-
nate quarters deeply sunk; some-
times containing pellets or letter.
AR 100-80 grs.
|
| Head of Sinope, the daughter of Asopus,
wearing sphendone. [N. C., 1885, p. 21 f.] |
ΣΙΝΩ Sea-eagle on a dolphin; on the
earliest specimens, in an incuse square.
Magistrates’ names frequent.
AR 93-80 grs.
|
The coins of this period are similar to those of the preceding, but the name of the city is now replaced by that of a Persian Satrap:— (i) Datames, B.C. 364-362, ΔΑΤΑΜΑ. (ii) ‘Abd Sasan‘ (or ‘Abd Sisin’) written in Aramaic; probably identical with Sysinas, son of Datames, B.C. 362-353 (N. C., 1894, p. 302; Z. f. N., xxiv. p. 72; Rec. gén., p. 183). (iii) ‘Ariarathes’ (written in Aramaic) circ. B.C. 330 = Ariarathes I, king of Cappadocia.
| Head of Sinope, wearing sphendone; in front, usually, aplustre. | ΣΙΝΩ Sea-eagle on dolphin. Magis- trates’ names. Dr. 95-78 grs. |
| Id. | ΣΙΝΩ Eagle, conventionally repre-
sented, facing, with spread wings.
Magistrates’ mons. ½ Dr. AR 45 grs.
|
| Head of Sinope, facing. | ΣΙΝΩ Id. ¼ Dr. AR 22 grs.
|
| Head of Sinope, turreted. | ΣΙΝΩ Prow; in front, aplustre and mon.
AR 39 grs.
|
| Turreted head of Sinope. [Z. f. N., xx. p. 272; cf. Jahrb. arch. Inst., 1898, p. 172.] | ΣΙΝΩ Archaic statue of Apollo stand-
ing before tripod, holding branch and
vase. AR Tetradr. 256 grs.
|
| Turreted head of Sinope. | ΣΙΝΩ Poseidon, seated, holding dol-
phin and trident. [On the weight
see N. C., 1885, p. 45].
AR Didr. 127.5-82 grs.
|
| Turreted head of Sinope. | ΣΙΝΩ Eagle, conventionally repre-
sented, facing, with spread wings;
various symbols and letters.
AR Tetrob. and Triob.
|
| Head of Hermes, wearing petasos. | Id. AR Diob. 17 grs.
|
| Head of Apollo, l., laur. | ΣΙΝΩ Tripod. AR 13 grs.
|
| Head of Sinope, r., turreted. [N. C., 1885, Pl. II. 18.] |
ΣΙΝΩΠΕΩΝ Apollo naked, seated on
omphalos, holding lyre and plectrum.
AR Tetradrachm.
|
| Head of Apollo. | ΣΙΝΩ Prow. AR 60 grs.
|
| Head of Sinope. | ΣΙΝΩΠΗΣ Apollo standing facing,
with branch and vase. Æ .65
|
| Id. | ΣΙΝΩ Prow. Æ .75
|
The tetradrachm with the seated Apollo is imitated from coins of Antiochus III of Syria.
Sinope under the dominion of the Pontic kings. Æ of this period (Rec. gén., p. 194 f.) and Æ of reign of Mithradates Eupator (q. v.), inscr., ΣΙΝΩΠΗΣ.
Colonial coinage (Rec. gén., p. 196 f.; cf. p. 179). In B.C. 70 Sinope was taken by Lucullus, and in B.C. 45 it was made a colonia by Caesar. The earliest coins are without the Imperial head: obv. Head of Ceres, rev. Crescent-shaped object (radiated diadem ?) and plough, with names of duumviri, Æ (Imh., Kleinas. M., p. 7, No. 4); obv. Bull’s head, rev. Simpulum, Æ (ibid., No. 5). Coins with Imperial heads, from Augustus to Gallienus. Inscr., C. I. F. (Colonia Julia Felix); C. I. F. S.; C. I. F. SINOPE; EX D. D. (decurionum decreto). Types: Colonist ploughing; Genius of Sinope; Sarapis standing; Zeus Sarapis reclining on couch; Apollo in Temple; Nemesis; Dionysos; Dioskuri with horses; Fish; Human leg surmounted by bull’s head (Rec. gén., No. 145); Archaic simulacrum and head (ibid., p. 179).
Era. The Colonial coins are usually dated. Till Severus Alexander the Colonial era, B.C. 45, is employed; afterwards, the era of the Roman Conquest, B.C. 70. A coin of Domna, however, is dated according to the era of B.C. 70. The word ANN(O) generally precedes the date. The latest discussion of the dates is by Kubitschek in Num. Zeitschr., 1908.
Pylaemenes II or III Euergetes, circ. B.C. 133 or 103 (N. C., 1903, p. 329; Rec. gén., p. 127).
| Head of Herakles, beardless. | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΠΥΛΑΙΜΕΝΟΥ ΕΥΕΡ-
ΓΕΤΟΥ Nike with wreath and palm.
Æ .8
|
| Bull’s head, facing. | Same inscr. Winged caduceus. Æ .65
|
Deiotarus, Philadelphus, circ. B.C. 31-5.