prev contents next

Lycia

[Fellows, Coins of Ancient Lycia, London, 1855.
J. P. Six, Monnaies lyciennes, R. N., 1886, 1887.
E. Babelon, Les Perses Achménides, pp. lxxxix-cxiii, 63-82, 1893.
G. F. Hill, N. C., 1895, pp. 1-44.
  „  Brit. Mus. Catal. of Greek Coins, Lycia, 1897.
E. Babelon, Inventaire de la Coll. Waddington, pp. 153-177, 1898.
J. P. Six, N. C., 1898, pp. 199-217.]

The coinage of Lycia confirms in a most striking manner the testimony of ancient writers, especially Strabo, with regard to the Federal constitu- tion of the country. Among no other ancient people do we find Federal institutions so wisely framed and so firmly rooted as among the Lycians. Although the majority of the early coins represent individual dynasts, it is clear that there existed some sort of federation between these rulers, more or less under Persian suzerainty. The abundant coinage testifies to the great prosperity of the country in the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. The distinctive symbol on the money of the various cities which took part in this Federal coinage is the Triskeles or so-called Triquetra, which sometimes takes the form of a tetraskeles or of a diskeles. Various hypotheses have been advanced as to the intention of this strange symbol (Bab., Tr., ii. 510 f.). The most reasonable is that which has been put forward by L. Müller,[1] that it is a solar emblem symbolizing rotatory motion. In this case it would refer to the worship of the

1 Det saakaldte Hagekors’s Anvendelse og Betydning, Copenhagen, 1877.

689
national Lycian deity, Apollo Αυκιος, the God of Light. The animal types—Boars, Winged lions, Griffins, Bulls, &c.—must remain for the most part unexplained. (but the boar was associated with Apollo). The Lycian silver money falls into the following classes. The weight-standard is the Babylonic, but shows considerable irregularity, and a tendency to fall to the Euboïc standard, the staters weighing from about 155 to under 120 grains. The staters are divided into thirds (tetrobols), sixths (diobols), &c., but also occasionally into halves (drachms).

SERIES I. Circ. B.C. 520-480.

AR Staters and diobols. Rev. Inc. sq., at first rude, then decorated with lines, letters, and in one case with bull’s head within radiating pattern (Babelon, Perses Achém, Pl. XI. 6). Obv. types: Boar, Forepart or Head of boar, Forepart of winged boar; on shoulder, sometimes, Greek letters (ΠV, ΜΘ, ΚVΒ), the last of which probably represent Κυβερνις, son of Kossikas (Hdt. vii. 98). Babelon, Traité, ii. Pl. XXI.

SERIES II. Circ. B.C. 500-460, or later.

AR Staters, tetrobols, diobols. Obv. types: Boar, Forepart of boar, Bull kneeling, Lion standing with head reverted, Sphinx, Winged female figure, Helmeted head. Rev. Inc. sq.; Lion’s head in profile or facing, Eagle’s Head, Tortoise, Forepart of kneeling bull, Head and neck of bull, Bull’s head facing between + +, Ram's head, Crab, Forepart of griffin, Head of Ares, Bearded head. Babelon, Tr., ii. Pl. XXII.

SERIES III. Circ. B.C. 500-450.

AR Staters, tetrobols, diobols. Obv. types: Boar, Forepart of boar, Two foreparts of boars conjoined, Crab. Rev. Inc. sq.; Triskeles, Triskeles on shield, behind which two diskeles crossed. A small triskeles, or Lycian letters (Χ, ΠΟ, &c.) often occur on the animal’s flank or in field. Babelon, Tr., ii. Pl. XXII.

SERIES IV. Circ. B.C. 480-390.

This series includes the remaining coins with the triskeles or its modifications (except those given in Series V), and a series with heads of deities and dynasts. A number of the Lycian inscriptions which now appear have been identified as the names of cities or dynasts. The legends are frequently retrograde. Vol. I of the Tituli Asiae Minoris (ed. Kalinka, Vienna 1901) contains a nearly complete vocabulary and all the latest material for the study of the language; for many of the dynasts mentioned on the coins see especially the account of the Xan- thian stele (op. cit., p. 46). Only a selection of the types, without refer- ence to denominations, can be given here. The rev. is, unless otherwise stated, in an incuse square.

coin image
FIG. 315.
690
Circ. B.C. 480-460.

Boar, triskeles on flank. Rev. Forepart of lion; in field, triskeles.
Dog lying. Rev. Triskeles.
Lion crouching, or devouring prey. Rev. Triskeles.
Boar or Forepart of boar. Rev. Triskeles of cocks’ heads; sometimes with letters. (Fig. 315, p. 689.)
Boar. Rev. )(ΕΒA̧Ν (Thiba̧n). Cock’s head triskeles.
Dolphin and human eye. Rev. )(ΕΒA̧ Tetraskeles.
Boar, or Forepart, or Butting bull. Rev. WΚΟFWΜΕ (Äkuvä̧mi) Triskeles.
Uncertain type (B. M. C., Lycia, Pl. III. 6). Rev. ΜΟΤΛWΕ (Mutlä̧i) Triskeles.
Forepart of boar. Rev. ΟΤ↑FW (Utävä̧). S-shaped diskeles with ‘handle’ attached.
Two dolphins and human eye; ΠΡΛ (Prl = Aperlae ?) or uninscribed. Rev. ΑΠΡ or ΠΡΛ Triskeles.
Dolphin, Π. Rev. Eye.
Dolphin, usually with symbols, eye, &c. Rev. ΕΤ↑ (Itä), Ζ4 or Ζ4V (Zag.) Triskeles.
Dolphin and eye. Rev. ↑↓ΕΒ (Äkhib.) Tetraskeles.
Two dolphins with astragalos and eye, Dolphin and fish with F4+ΞΤ↑ΖW (Vahñtäzä̧ = ‘of Antiphellus’) or Dolphin. Rev. )(ΑΠ or )(4Π Triskeles.

Kubernis (?). Class I. Circ. B.C. 480-450. Inscr. ΚΟΠΡΛΛΕ (Kuprlli) or abbreviations. Obv. types: Dolphin, Boar (inscr. 84ΡΡ4, Marra), Forepart of boar, Facing head of panther, Human eye, Griffin crouching, Forepart or head of griffin, Foreparts of two lions (?) conjoined, &c. Rev. Triskeles (sometimes with cygnets’ or monsters’ heads), ‘Heptaskeles.’     Class II. Circ. B.C. 450-410. Inscr. as on Class I, seldom retrograde. Obv. types: Herakles wielding club, Hermes (?) carrying ram, Nude winged figure, Bearded head of Ammon, Bearded head of Ares on shield (ΜΑ, Ma). Beardless male head, Human eye, Lion (slaying bull, walking, crouching, fore- part of), Winged lion (walking, crouching, or on shield), Horse (standing, kneel- ing), Mule (standing, or licking hind leg), Bull (walking, with inscr. ΑΡΞ = Arñ, ‘Xanthus’), Butting bull, Forepart or head and neck of bull. Foreparts of two bulls conjoined, Foreparts of bull and horse conjoined, Winged man-headed bull, Forepart of winged bull, Cow suckling calf, Goat (standing or kneeling), Sow, Dolphin, Dove between two myrtle-branches, Bird flying, Sphinx, Griffin. Rev. Triskeles, as in Class I; sometimes inc. circle.

»WW »ANS

Za... Boar, with symbol consisting of ring and two horns. Rev. ΖΑ Triskeles of cygnets’ heads; similar symbol. Inc. circle. (Babelon, P. A., Pl. XV. 6.)
Uvug... Circ. B.C. 470-440. Obv. Forepart of winged man-headed bull, Sphinx. Rev. ΟFΟV; Beardless head (of Apollo, or of sphinx), Head of negro, Sphinx, Gorgoneion.

»WW »ANS

Uälä. Circ. B.C. 450. Obv. Forepart of bull or Head of lion. Rev. ↑Λ↑Ο or uninscribed; Triskeles.
Tä̧nägurä (‘Αθαναγορας ?). Circ. B.C. 450-420. Obv. ΤWΝ↑VΟΡ↑ Winged horned lion; symbol symbol. Rev. Triskeles, sometimes with serpent’s head; same symbol.
Minä̧ñt. Circ. B.C. 450. Obv. Griffin seated on shield. Rev. ΜΕΝWΞΤ Triskeles. (Imhoof, Kl. M., Pl. X. 1.)
Ärtllä̧ni. Circ. B.C. 450. Obv. Sphinx seated. Rev. ↑ΡΤΛΛWΝΕ Triskeles.
Zazthi (?). Circ. B.C. 450. Obv. Pegasus. Rev. Ζ4Ζ)(Ε Triskeles.
691
Uncertain. Circ. B.C. 400. Obv. Lion seated, forepaw raised. Rev. Forepart of Pegasos or of fawn.
Zagama (?). Circ. B.C. 400. Obv. Dolphin. Rev. Ζ4Υ4Μ(?)4 Triskeles. (Babelon, Inv. Wadd., Pl. VI. 12.)

Täththiväibi. Circ. B.C. 480-460. Obv. Forepart of boar, Forepart of cow, Winged lion, Two cocks and ↓_ (all these on shield), Forepart of boar, Griffin seated, Head of Seilenos facing, Cock, Head of Aphrodite. Rev. Τ↑)()(ΕΓ↑ΕΒΕ (sometimes with one )() Tetraskeles.
Sppñtaza. Circ. B.C. 470-450. Obv. Cow suckling calf, Head of Aphrodite, Head of Athena, Head of bearded Herakles. Rev. SΠΠΞΤ4Ζ4 or SΠΠΞ Tetraskeles.

»WW »ANS

Khärä̧i. Circ. B.C. 450-410. See Benndorf, Jahreshefte, iii, p. 119.

»WW »ANS

Head of Athena (showing Attic influence). Inc. sq. or circle: Head of bearded dynast in Persian dress, inscr. ↓↑ΡWΕ, ↓↑ΡW+↑, or ↓↑ΡWΕ 4ΡΞΝ4+↑ (Arñnahä, ‘of Xanthus’), sometimes with symbol ↓_; Bull; Forepart of man-headed bull; Large ↓_, inscr. ↓↑ΡW ΤΛ4FΕ (Tlavi, ‘Tlos’).
↓_ between two cocks on shield. ↓↑Ρ or ↓ΑΡWΕ Eagle and ↓_.
Head of Aphrodite. ↓↑ΡWΕ Owl.

Khäriga (Karikas). Circ. B.C. 410.

Winged and horned lion (from die used also by Kuprlli). ↓ΑΙDΕVΑ Triskeles (Macdonald, Hunter Cat., ii. 497. 1).
148.5 grs.
Head of Athena. ↓↑ΡΕy4 Bearded head of Ares; or Head of Athena.
Id. ↓↑ΡΕy4 4ΡΞΝ4+↑ (Arñnahä, ‘of Xanthus’) Athena seated on rock.
Head of Aphrodite. ↓↑ΡΕy4 F↑+ΞΤ↑ΖΕ (Vähñtäzi, ‘of Antiphellus’) Owl in ring of tetraskeles.

Xanthus. Circ. B.C. 410-400 Inscr., 4ΡΞΝ4+↑ or 4ΡΞΝ4+4, or abbrevia- tions, or none. Obv. Head and leg of lion, Head of Athena. Rev. Heads of Apollo, of Athena, of Artemis (?) (Imhoof, Kl. M., Pl. X. 2), of Dynast, Eagle, Star, usually with diskeles symbol and in inc. circle.
Khä̧kbihä. Circ. B.C. 420 (?). Obv. and rev. Head of Athena (Babelon, I. W., Pl. VI. 17).
Artum̃para. Circ. B.C. 400-390. Obv. Head of Athena. Rev. Inc. sq. or circle. 4ΡΤ(Τ)ΟΧΠ4ΡΕ, ↑ΡΤΟΞΠ4ΡΕ, or 4ΡΤΟΧΠ4Ρ+↑ Heads of bearded Herakles, Hermes, or bearded satrap.
Ddä̧ñtimi. Circ. B.C. 400. Obv. Head of Athena. Rev. ΔΔWΞΤΕΜ or ΔΔWΧΤΕΜΕ Youthful male head; Head of Hermes, inc. circle.

Patara. (1) Circ. B.C. 440. Obv. Forepart of boar. Rev. ΠΤΤ (?) Tetraskeles, with monoskeles symbol.

(2) Circ. B.C. 400. Obv. Head of Athena. Rev. Inc. sq. or circle. ΠΤΤ4Ρ4ΖW (Pttarazä̧), ΠΤ or no inscr. Head of Hermes. Obv. Dolphin. Rev. ΠΤ Head of Athena.

692
Hä̧pruma. Circ. B.C. 430-410. Obv. Head of Athena. Rev. +WΠΡΟΜ4[+] Head of Hermes.
Väkhssärä. Circ. B.C. 430-400. Obv. Forepart of winged boar on shield, Herakles wielding club, Beardless head of Kabeiros in wreathed pileus, Lion, Lion’s scalp, Horse kneeling, Head of Athena. Rev. Inc. sq. or circle. F↑↓SS↑Ρ↑ or abbre- viations (once F4↓SS↑Β↑ ?). Triskeles, Head of Hermes, Forepart of winged man-headed bull, Large ↓_.

»ANS

Ddimiu. Circ. B.C. 430-400. Obv. Head of Athena. Rev. ΔΔΕΜΕΟ+↑F↑ Head of Hermes. Inc. circle.
Khadaiti. Circ. B.C. 430-410. Obv. Head of Athena. ↓4Δ4ΕΤΕ+4 Head of Hermes, with diskeles.

Khin... Circ. B.C. 405-395. Obv. Pegasos (often on shield), Head of Athena, Forepart of winged stag. Rev. Inc. sq. or circle. ↓ΕΝ, monograms, or no inscr. Triskeles, Diskeles with ↓ attached.

»ANS

Telmessus (Tälähähi): dynasts’ names Ärbbina (Arbinnas), Aruva̧tiyäsi (Ary- andes ?) and Ddänävälä. Circ. B.C. 410-400. Obv. Head of Athena, of Ddänä- välä in satrapal headdress, Lion’s scalp. Rev. Inc. sq. or circle. Bearded head of Herakles (Τ↑Λ↑Β↑+Ε+↑ or abbreviations, Τ↑Λ↑Β ↑ΡΒΒΕΝ4, ΔΔ↑Ν↑F↑Λ↑, or none), Herakles fighting (↑ΡΒΒΕΝ4), Lion at bay (4ΡΟFA̧ΤΕΙ↑SΕ), Head of Athena (ΔΔ↑Ν↑F↑Λ↑ or abbreviation), Large ↓_, Triskeles (4ΡΟFA̧ΤΕΙ↑SΕ or abbreviation).

SERIES V. Circ. B.C. 400-362.

The later style and fabric of the following coins induce me to class them to a more recent period than any of those which I have described above. They are characterized by their flatter and larger flans, and by the gradual disappearance of the well-marked incuse square, which is present on all the earlier Lycian series. The coinage doubtless ended with the acquisition of Lycia by Mausolus in 362 B.C. The silver does not show the degradation towards the Attic weight which is found in Series IV, but conforms more rigidly to the Babylonic standard. Bronze now first appears. The following are the more important varieties :—

Group A—
(1) Mithrapata. Obv. Lion’s scalp, Forepart of lion-skin with paws, Whelk- shell. Rev. Inc. sq. or circle. ΜΕΘΡ4Π4Τ4 or abbreviations. Triskeles (symbols in field), Facing head of Apollo.

»WW »ANS

(2) Tlos (Tlavi). Obv. Lion’s scalp or Head of Athena. Rev. Inc. circle. ΤΛ, ΤΛ4FΕ or no inscr. Head of Apollo facing or to l., Diskeles or symbol between two lions seated confronted.

Group B—
(1) Zä̧mu and Trbbänimi. Inscr., ΖWΜ, ΖWΜΟ+Ο, ΖWΤ, ΖW↓Μ, ΤΡΒ, ΤΡΒΒ^ΝΕΜΕ, some coins bearing both names. Types: Obv. Lion's scalp, Head and leg of lion, Head of Artemis nearly facing. Rev. Inc. sq. or circle. Triskeles, Head of Athena. Adjuncts: club, small triskeles or diskeles, letters.

»ANS

(2) Zakhaba. Obv. Lion’s scalp. Rev. Ζ4↓4Β4+4 Facing head of Athena in triple-crested helmet (Babelon, Inv. Wadd., 2985).
(3) Vädr... Obv. Lion’s scalp or head. Rev. Inc. circle. F↑Δ or F↑ΔΡ Triskeles.
693
(4) Zaga. Obv. Lion’s scalp or head, Forepart of skin with paws. Inc. Inc. circle. Ζ4y, Ζ4y4, Ζ4y4+4 or Ζ4y4+Ο Triskeles.
(5) Puräsi. Obv. Lion’s scalp. Rev. Inc. circle ΠΘΡ↑SΕ Triskeles.
(6) Perikles, probably at first dynast of Limyra, afterwards king of greater part of Lycia, circ. B.C. 380-362 (cf. Theopompus, fr. 111). He struck bronze as well as silver.

»WW »ANS

Lion’s scalp. Inc. sq. or circle, Π↑ΡΕΚΛ↑ Triskeles with symbols in field.
AR Staters, Tetrobols.
Head of young Pan, Goat, or Forepart of goat. Π↑ΡΕΚΛ Triskeles.
Æ .55-.4

Circ. B.C. 330-188.

On his march from Caria into Pisidia Alexander reduced Lycia under his sway, and from this time down to the date of the defeat of Antiochus by the Romans, B.C. 190, the country was subject successively to the Ptolemies and the Seleucidae.

Of coins of Alexander’s types few, if any, seem to have been struck in this district except at Phaselis, q. v. The triskeles is, however, found on bronze coins of the types of Alexander and of the Macedonian inter- regnum, which provenance shows to be Lycian. Telmessus also issued a bronze coin in the time of Ptolemy I. Coins of Rhodes and of the Ptolemies, &c., circulated (cf. J. H. S., xv, p. 114). After the defeat of Antiochus the Romans in 188 gave Lycia (except Telmessus) to the Rhodians. A few of the cities may have begun to issue small bronze coins early in the second century, but with the exceptions noted no coins were produced in the country during all this period.

Circ. B.C. 168-43 A.D.

In B.C. 168 the Romans restored to the Lycians their full freedom, and the Lycian towns now formed themselves into an independent League under Roman auspices (Livy, xliv. 15; Polyb., xxx. 5), which lasted until the reign of Claudius, A. D. 43, who made the country into a province with Pamphylia.

The coinage of this new Lycian League has much in common with the contemporary coinage of the Achaean League in Peloponnesus. It con- sists of silver drachms (κιθαρηφοροι) and hemidrachms (?) of degraded Rhodian weight—characterized by the reappearance of a sharply defined incuse square on the reverse—and of several varieties of bronze.

Head of Apollo Αυκιος, laureate (or sometimes wearing taenia), bow and quiver at shoulder; after about B.C. 81 the hair is in formal curls; on either side usually Λ—Υ. Flat, sharply defined incuse square, within which a lyre and, usually, initials of mint with ΛΥΚΙΩΝ (or abbreviation).
AR Drachms 45 grs.
(usually much lighter)
Head of Artemis, with bow and quiver at her shoulder. Similar, but quiver instead of lyre.
AR ½ drachm (?) 13 grs.

The Federal bronze coinage is more varied than the silver, the prevalent types being, on the obv., Heads of Apollo, Artemis, Hermes, &c.; on rev., Apollo standing, Lyre, Tripod, Stag, Bow and quiver crossed, Quiver, Caduceus, &c. The inscription consists of the initials of the

694
city or district, with or without ΛΥΚΙΩΝ. The coins without any indication of mint were probably struck at Xanthus. The two great districts, Cragus and Masicytes, were united for monetary purposes and struck coins for general circulation; the initials of the various cities were also often combined with those of Cragus or Masicytes according to the district to which they belonged. The following 22 cities are known to have taken part in the currency of the League: in the Cragus district, Telmessus, Pinara, Sidyma, Tlos, Xanthus, Patara, Dias; in the Masicytes district, Myra, Cyaneae, Ty(benissus) or Ty(mena), Arycanda, Antiphellus, Phellus, Aperlae, Apollonia; in other districts, Limyra. Gagae, Rhodiapolis, Olympus (?), Trebenna, Oenoanda, Bubon (?). Strabo (xiv. 664) says that there were twenty-three towns in the confederacy. A change in the style of the coins is noticeable about B.C. 81, when Murena reorganized the country, and some new cities were added to the League. The last coinage of the League includes light Rhodian drachms and denarii, with the portraits of Augustus and Claudius; inscr., ΛΥ; types—one or two lyres, Apollo, Artemis, &c.; also bronze of Claudius, without ΛΥ; types—Goddess of Myra in temple, Apollo standing, &c. (Imhoof, Zur gr. u. röm. Münzk., 1908, pp. 21 f., 170). The coinage of denarii was even continued, after the dissolution of the League by Claudius, under Domitian, Nerva, and Trajan, with the Emperors’ titles in Greek, ΥΠΑΤΟΥ ΙΖ, ΔΗΜ. ЄΞ. ΥΠΑΤ. Β., &c. The Imperial coinage of the Lycian towns belongs almost exclusively to the reign of Gordian and Tranquillina.

Autonomous (Chiefly Post-Alexandrine), Federal, and Imperial Coinage of the Towns of Lycia.

Acalissus (Giauristan-lik). Imperial of Gordian. Inscr., ΑΚΑΛΙC- CЄWΝ, Horseman galloping (Rev. Num., 1853, 90). Helen between Dioskuri; Herakles standing.

»ANS

Antiphellus (Andifilo), on the coast opposite Megiste. Æ of second century B.C.; inscr., ΑΝΤΙΦΕΛΛΙΤΩΝ or ΑΝΤ; Head of Apollo, Veiled head, Dolphin. Federal Æ. ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΑΝ, and Imperial of Gordian, ΑΝΤΙΦЄΛΛЄΙΤΩΝ, Tyche.

»ANS

Aperlae (on Assar Bay). Federal Æ. ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΑΠ, and Imperial of Gordian, ΑΠЄΡΛЄΙΤWΝ, Altar.

»ANS

Apollonia (Avassari, north of Aperlae ?). Federal Æ. ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΑΠΟ.

Araxa (Ören). Imperial of Hadrian, ΑΡΑΞЄΩΝ, Zeus with Nike.

Arycanda (Aruf). Æ of second century; inscr., ΑΡ; Radiate head (Sozou ?), Apollo sacrificing. Federal AR (?) and Æ. ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΑΡ or ΑΡΥ. Imperial—Gordian, Tranquillina, ΑΡΥΚΑΝΔЄWΝ, Tyche, Herakles, Horseman-deity (Sozon ?), Naked Warrior, Eagle on boar's head, &c.

»ANS

Balbura (Katara). Autonomous Æ of second century B.C. Inscr. ΒΑΛΒΟΥΡΕΩΝ. Types: Head of Demeter, rev. Ear of corn; Head of Athena, rev. Owl on helmet; Head of Zeus, rev. Club; Eagle on thunder-

695
bolt; Caduceus; &c. Imperial of Caligula, ΒΑΛΒΟΥΡΕWΝ, Herakles, Hermes.

»SNG B »ANS

Bubon. This town was annexed to Lycia by Murena, B.C. 81. Federal AE. Inscr., ΒΟΥ. Imperial of Augustus, ΒΟΥΒWΝΕWΝ, Artemis huntress.

Cadyanda (Üzümlü). Autonomous Æ. Inscr., ΚΑΔΥ. Xoanon; and federal Æ; ΛΥΚΙ ΚΑ (this may belong to Calynda or Candyba).

»ANS

Calynda (on the Carian border). Autonomous Æ of first century B.C. Inscr., ΚΑΛΥ or ΚΑΛΥΝ, Head of Artemis, Rev. Forepart of stag or Torch.

»ANS

Candyba (Gendova). Imperial Æ—Gordian III. Inscr., ΚΑΝΔΥ- ΒΕWΝ. Type—Tyche. (Z. f. N., v, Pl. I. 9.)

Choma in the Milyas. Autonomous Æ of first century B.C., ΧΩ or ΧΩΜ, Head of Zeus and horseman; and Imperial of Gordian, ΧWΜΑ- ΤЄΙΤWΝ, Armed horseman (Sozon ?).

»ANS

Corydalla. Imperial—Sev. Alex., Gordian, and Tranquillina, ΚΟΡΥ- ΔΑΛΛЄWΝ, Tyche, Athena, Horseman.

»ANS

Cragus (District). Federal AR and Æ. ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΚΡΑΓ or abbreviations, often combined with initials of Dias (ΔΙ), Patara (ΠΑ), Telmessus (ΤΕΛ), Tlos (ΤΛ or ΤΛW) or Xanthus (ΞΑΝ).

»WW »SNG B »ANS

Cyane (Ya'u). Federal AR and Æ, ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΚΥ, ΛΥ ΚΥΑ, and Imperial of Gordian and Tranquillina, ΚΥΑΝЄΙΤWΝ, Horseman; Cultus- statue of Artemis Eleuthera.

»SNG B »ANS

Dias (in the Cragus district). Federal Æ; ΔΙ and ΛΥ (or ΛΥΚΙ) ΚΡ.

Gagae (Ak-tash). Federal AR (ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΓΑ) and Æ (Archaic veiled goddess, &c.), and Imperial of Gordian and Tranquillina, ΓΑΓΑΤWΝ Nemesis; Temple with two figures of goddess (?).

Limyra on the Limyrus (Duden-Su). Æ of early second century, ΛΙ or ΛΙΜΥΡΕΩΝ; Head of Apollo, Thunderbolt. Federal AR and Æ ΛΥΚΙΩΝ (or ΛΥΚΙ) ΛΙ. Imperial of Gordian and Tranquillina, ΛΙΜΥΡЄWΝ, Zeus seated, Athena, Tyche, Bull and dog at oracular fountain, ΧΡΗCΜΟC (cf. Plin., N. H., xxxi. 22), River-god ΛΙΜΥΡΟC.

»M'berg »SNG B »ANS

Masicytes, a district of central southern Lycia, with capital Myra. Federal AR and Æ, ΛΥΚΙΩΝ (or ΛΥ) ΜΑ (or ΜΑΣ, ΜΑΣΙ); on Æ magistrate’s name ΙΠΠΟΛΟ.

»M'berg »WW »SNG B »ANS

coin image
FIG. 316.
696
Myra (Dembre = τα Μυρα) on the Myros, chief town of the Masicytes district. Federal AR and Æ, ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΜΥ, ΜΥΡΑ, ΜΑ ΜΥ, &c.; on Æ, bust of Artemis Eleuthera of Myra, veiled, facing; Nike. Imperial of Gordian, ΜΥΡΕWΝ, Agalma of Artemis Eleuthera or Myrrha in tree attacked by men with axes and defended by snakes (Fig. 316, p. 695), cf. Aphrodisias in Caria; Agalma in temple, sometimes with Nike; Tyche. Alliance coins of Gordian with Patara (see below) and Side (?).

»WW »ANS

Oenoanda (Urludja). AR, Attic stater, second century B.C. Obv. Head of Zeus with sceptre; rev. ΟΙΝΟΑΝΔΕWΝ, Eagle on thunder- bolt.

Olympus, on the east coast at the foot of Mount Olympus. Federal (?) AR, ΟΛΥΜ or ΟΛΥΜΠΗ; Æ, Head of Athena and thunderbolt; Im- perial of Gordian and Tranquillina, ΟΛΥΜΠΗΝWΝ. Hephaestos forging shield; Apollo resting on column.

Patara (Gelemish). Federal AR and Æ, ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΠΑ, ΠΑ ΚΡ, ΠΑΤΑΡΕΩΝ. Imperial of Gordian and Tranquillina: Nymph seated and Dionysos (?) standing; Apollo shooting; Apollo with eagle and serpent twining round tripod; Herakles and Antaeos, &c. Alliance coins of Gordian with Myra: ΠΑΤΑΡЄWΝ ΜΥΡЄWΝ ΟΜΟΝΟΙΑ, Temple of Apollo and Artemis; or of Tyche.

Phaselis (Tekirova), a town of Dorian origin on the east coast, has a history and coinage distinct from the rest of Lycia. Its chief type, the galley, may be a type parlant (see Forcellini, s. v. phaselus).

»M'berg »WW »SNG B »ANS

Before B.C. 466.

Prow of galley, in shape of forepart of boar. Inc. sq. [Macdonald, Hunter Cat., ii, Pl. LVII. 19] sometimes divided by irregular bands and divisions.
AR Persic stater and divisions.
Θ Male figure wrestling with human- headed bull (Herakles and Ache- loos ?). Prow of galley; below, dolphin; inc. sq.
AR Persic stater.
..... ΙΤ.. Lyre. Id.
AR Persic stater.
Prow of galley in shape of forepart of boar. ΦΑΣ Stern of galley. Inc. sq.
AR Persic stater and third.
Forepart of Pegasos. Prow of galley. Inc. sq.
AR 12.3 grs.

During its membership of the Athenian confederacy, Phaselis appears to have issued no coins.

Circ. B.C. 400-330 or later.

Prow of galley. [Macdonald, Hunter Cat., Pl. LVII. 21.] ΦΑΣΗ Stern of galley and magistrate's name.
AR Stater 153.2 grs.
Prow of galley. ΦΑΣΗ Stern of galley.
Æ .65-.45
Id. ΦΑΣΗ [Imhoof, Kl. M., Pl. X. 7.] Φ Palladium to front.
Æ .7

Circ. B.C. 330-276.

Regal staters and tetradrachms of types of Alexander (ΦΑ surmounted by stars, Müller, 1276) and Philip III (ΛΥ and prow, Müller, 100).

697
Circ. B.C. 276-168.

During the earlier part of this period, until 204, Phaselis belonged to the Ptolemies; towards the end it probably issued the Alexandrine tetradrachms with Φ, dated Α to ΛΑ (Müller, 1178-1195; Imhoof, Kl. M., p. 308).

Head of Apollo.
[Babelon, Inv. Wadd., Pl. VII. 10.]		 ΦΑ ΑΡΚΕΣΙΛΑΟΣ Athena holding Nike.
AR Attic stater.
Id. Φ Athena with thunderbolt, aegis, and serpent, standing on prow; magis- trates’ names.
AR Staters 171 grs. or less.
Id. [Brandis, p. 492.] Stern of galley; magistrate’s name ΜΝΑΣΙ.
AR Stater 167 grs.
Prow, surmounted by head of Helios, or jugate busts of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoë (?). [Imhoof, Mon. gr., p. 327.] ΦΑΣΗ Stern of galley, and magistrates’ names.
AR Staters 152 grs., &c.
Owl on prow. Φ Athena with thunderbolt and aegis; magistrates’ names.
AR Drachm 88 grs.
Head of Athena. ΦΑ Prow.
AR ½ Drachm 37.3 grs.
Id. ΦΑ Prow; monogram.
Æ .65

After circ. B.C. 168.

During the earliest period of the League, Phaselis, like Olympus, struck coins of Federal types, reading ΦΑΣΗΛΙ, but without ΛΥΚΙΩΝ; it was probably, however, not a member of the League (Strabo, xiv. 667).

To the same period belong the following :—

Prow. ΦΑΣΗ Stern of galley. Inc. sq.
AR 40.1 grs.
Id. Φ Athena with thunderbolt and aegis, letters Α, Β, Є.
Æ .75

Imperial of Gordian; inscr., ΦΑCΗΛ(Є)ΙΤWΝ. Types—Female cultus- figure, veil supported by Erotes, with small figure at her feet; Athena; Galley; &c.

Phellus (Baindyr ?). Federal Æ, ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΦΕ, and Imperial of Gordian. ΦЄΛΛЄΙΤWΝ, Female figure holding flower; Aphrodite, veiled, holding apple.

»ANS

Pinara (Minara). Æ (.5-.4) of second century B.C.; obv. Head of Apollo; rev. ΠΙΝΑΡΕΩΝ Bucranium. Federal AR (ΠΙ) and Æ (ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΠΙ or ΠΙ ΛΥ).

Podalia (in the Milyas). Imperial of Tranquillina, ΠΟΔΑΛΙWΤWΝ, Ares standing.

Rhodiapolis (near Shechkeui). Federal AR (ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΡΟ) and Æ. Imperial of Gordian and Tranquillina, ΡΟΔΙΑΠΟΛЄΙΤWΝ, Nemesis; Athena; Artemis huntress.

»ANS

698
Sidyma (Dodurgar-Assari). Federal AR: ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΣΙ [Rev. Num., 1902, p. 81].

Telmessus (Makri). About the end of the fourth or the beginning of the third century the following coin was struck at this mint :—

»ANS

Head of Alexander the Great with ram’s horn. [Brit. Mus.] ΤΕΛΕΜΗΣΣΕΩΝ Panther; above, monogram of ΠΤ (for Ptolemy?).
Æ .6

Antiochus III possessed the city from about B.C. 196 to 189. To this time belongs the following coin :—

Head of Helios, radiate, facing. ΤΕΛΜΗΣ or ΤΕΛΕΜΗΣ Apollo seated on omphalos, holding arrow and bow.
Æ .65

After belonging to Pergamum from B.C. 189 to 133, it became indepen- dent, and struck small Æ (size .45) with head of Hermes, rev. ΤΕΛ, Fly in incuse square. It probably joined the League about B.C. 81. Federal AR, inscr., ΛΥ ΤΕ ΚΡ, and Æ, inscr., ΛΥ ΤΕΛ ΚΡ or ΤΕΛ ΛΥ.

Termessus Minor (ad Oenoanda), a colony of the Pisidian Termessus. (See N. Chr., 1897, pp. 25 ff.)

»WW »ANS

First century B.C. (inscr., ΤΕΡ or ΤΕΡΜΗΣΣΕΩΝ).

Bust of Hermes. Eagle on caduceus.
Æ .5-.4
Bust of Artemis. Hermes standing.
Æ .55
Id. Humped bull.
Æ .5
Head of Apollo. Lyre.
Æ .75
Head of Zeus with sceptre. Winged thunderbolt.
Æ .9-.8

Quasi-autonomous and Imperial of Tiberius, with ΤΕΡ ΟΙ (Head of Apollo, rev. Lyre; Head of Hermes, rev. Horse; &c.).

Tlos (Duver). Federal AR (ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΤΛ, ΤΛΩ ΚΡ, ΤΛ ΚΡ) and Æ (ΤΛΩΕΩΝ, ΤΛ or ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΤΛ, ΛΥ ΚΡ ΤΛΩ). Imperial of Gordian; inscr., ΤΛWЄWΝ. Types—Nike; Tyche; Warrior fighting or sacrificing; Mounted deity.

»WW »ANS

Trebenna (Serdji ?). Federal Æ (ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΤΡ or ΤΡΕ) and Im- perial of Gordian and Tranquillina; inscr., ΤΡЄΒЄΝΝΑΤWΝ. Types— Dionysos; Zeus seated; Apollo with tripod; Athena sacrificing.

»ANS

Tymena or Tybenissus. Federal Æ, ΛΥ or ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΤΥ.

Xanthus. Æ of second century B.C. Head of Apollo, rev. ΞΑΝΘΙΩΝ Lyre. The federal coins without mint-name were probably struck here : AR kitharephoroi, &c., and Æ Head of Helios facing, rev. ΛΥΚΙΩΝ Chimaera, &c.; also ordinary federal AR and Æ: ΛΥΚΙΩΝ ΞΑ, ΛΥ ΚΡ ΞΑΝ, ΞΑΝ ΚΡ.

»M'berg »ANS